Role of Epigenetics In Tumor-formation: A Review
Upma Tomar*, Sanjeev Tomar
Role of Epigenetics In Tumor-formation: A Review
1Upma Tomar* , 2Sanjeev Tomar
1Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology & Microbiology, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, NCR Delhi
2 Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, NCR Delhi.
Corresponding Author: Dr.Sanjeev Tomar
E-mail : drstomar@yahoo.com OPEN ACCESS
Submission : 21.02.2024 Acceptance :11.04.2024 Publication : 31.05.2024
Abstract
Objective: Epigenetics is a non-genetic regulation of heritable traits including gene expressions, which are non-hereditary in nature. It is an external modification of DNA of the cell that turn genes 'on' and 'off' affecting the way genes are read (or expressed) but without altering the DNA sequence.
Epigenetic regulatory factors are related to 3 aspects: DNA, histones and chromatin remodelling. This physiological process gets disturbed in many human diseases such as neoplasm, diabetes, and other neurodegenerative disorders. So, the main objective of this review is, as epigenetic changes are reversible, which allow the functional recovery of the affected genes so to find out that, targeting epigenetic changes provides great potential in current therapeutic development in the field of cancer.
Study Design: Literature search of the PubMed database taken from the last decade and half, studies based on epigenetic mechanism and its relationship over tumorigenesis were selected for this review.
Conclusion: In this review, we summarize the recent updates of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in tumerogenesis with the strong emphasis on histone modifications, enhancer reprogramming, chromosome accessibility, and transcription regulation; and discuss the significance of epigenetic aberrations in cancer-cure. From this way, emergence of epigenetics is fueling new hope in the field of cure from cancer, in cancer research and mainstream oncology.
Key Words: Epigenetics, gene expression, DNA sequence, histones and chromatin remodelling, tumor